https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index en-au 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36096 Helicobacter pylori pathologies, cancer, coeliac disease, and autoimmune gastritis. Recent research is unraveling pathophysiology beyond symptom-only definitions, focusing on the duodenum with innate immune disturbance (duodenal eosinophilia) and microbial disruption as possible cause. Management of functional dyspepsia includes making a secure diagnosis, treatment with first-line proton pump inhibitors (PPI), then tricyclic antidepressants, and careful choice of prokinetics. Herbal treatments (peppermint oil) and STW-5 have in this age group limited efficacy. Summary: Further studies are needed to define the prevalence of functional dyspepsia in the elderly and of prime importance, to exclude organic disease as a cause for symptoms of dyspepsia.]]> Wed 15 Dec 2021 16:10:33 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24776 Helicobacter pylori infection is considered to be causally linked to dyspepsia although only a minority will respond to eradication. In those with EPS, acid suppression therapy is a first line therapy; consider a H₂ blocker even if proton pump inhibitor fails. In PDS, a prokinetic is preferred. Second line therapy includes administration of a tricyclic antidepressant in low doses, or mirtazapine, but not a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.]]> Wed 15 Dec 2021 16:08:45 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33993 Firmicutes, specifically Streptococcus and Veillonella spp. The relative abundance of the genus Rothia was also observed to be greater in current smokers; while in contrast, levels of Prevotella and Neisseria were lower. The MAM profiles and diversity of previous smokers were observed to be intermediate between current and never smokers. Smoking did not impact the total density of bacteria present on the mucosa. Conclusions: These data indicate the duodenal MAM of current smokers is characterised by reduced bacterial diversity, which is partially but not completely restored in previous smokers. While the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated, these microbiota changes may in some part explain the adverse effects of smoking on mucosa-associated diseases of the GI tract. Smoking status requires consideration when interpreting MAM data.]]> Tue 03 Sep 2019 17:58:12 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51213 Thu 24 Aug 2023 14:59:28 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33727 Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may explain a minority of cases of FD and in the Rome IV criteria H. pylori-associated dyspepsia (defined as symptom relief after eradication therapy) is considered a separate entity. Duodenal inflammation characterized by increased eosinophils and in some cases mast cells, may impair the intestinal barrier. Post-infectious gastroenteritis is now an established risk factor for FD. Other risk factors may include atopy, owning herbivore pets and exposure to antibiotics, together with gastroduodenal microbiome disturbances. Small bowel homing T cells and increased cytokines in the circulation occur in FD, correlating with slow gastric emptying, and a possible association with autoimmune rheumatological disease supports background immune system activation. A genetic predisposition is possible. FD has been linked to psychological disorders, but in some cases psychological distress may be driven by gut mechanisms. Therapeutic options are limited and, aside from responders to H. pylori eradication, provide only modest and temporary relief. Advances in understanding FD may alter clinical practice, and the treatment of duodenal inflammation or microbiome alterations may lead to a cure for a subset of these patients in the future.]]> Thu 13 Dec 2018 15:22:10 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36107 Thu 06 Feb 2020 13:57:08 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:17888 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:56:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20655 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:49:58 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30557 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:27:09 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49401 Fri 12 May 2023 14:41:29 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39978 Fri 01 Jul 2022 09:58:32 AEST ]]>